Thermodynamics topic questions and answers for interview, campus placement, competitive examination and entrance test.
You are viewing the first 10 short questions and answers on the thermodynamics topic on this page.
1. What is the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of the material?
The
material’s heat capacity is the amount of heat transformed to raise the unit mass of a material 1° in temperature.
The specific heat of a material is the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to raise the unit mass of a material 1° in temperature to that required raise unit mass of water 1° of temperature at some specified temperature.
For most engineering purposes, heat capacities may be assumed numerically equal to specific heat values.
2. Explain the rule to find specific heat for aqueous solutions.
For an aqueous solution of salts, the specific heat can be estimated by assuming the particular heat of the solution is equal to that of the water alone. Thus, for a 15% by weight solution of sodium chloride in water, the specific heat would be approximately 0.85.
3. What do you understand by latent heat? Give examples of latent heats.
For pure substances, the heat effects accompanying changes in state at constant pressure (no temperature change being evident) are known as latent heat. Examples of latent heat are the heat of fusion, vaporization, sublimation and change in crystal form.
4. Define the term free energy and free enthalpy. What are their significance and importance?
Free energy (or Helmholtz function) is defined as f = u.T.s.
It is equal to the work during a constant-volume isothermal reversible nonflow process.
Free enthalpy (or Gibbs function) is defined as
g = h – Ts
(where u = internal energy, h = enthalpy, T = temperature, s = entropy)
Gibbs’s function is of particular importance in processes where chemical changes occur. For reversible isothermal steady-flow processes or for reversible constant-pressure isothermal nonflow processes, change in free energy is equal to network.
5. What is the polytropic process? Under which conditions do polytropic process approaches isobaric, isothermal, and isometric processes? In which reversible process no work is done ?
A polytropic process follows the mathematical equation pvn = constant (‘p’ is the pressure, ‘v’ is the volume and index ‘n’ may have values from -∞ to +∞. This process approaches isobaric when n = 0, isothermal when n = 1, and isometric when n = ∞. No work is done in the isometric process.
6. Out of constant pressure and volume lines on the TS diagram, which line has a higher slope? and whether the slope is constant or variable ?
Constant volume line. Slope is variable.
7. In which process fluid expands but no work is done?
Throttling process.
8. Whether superheated steam can be treated as an ideal gas ?
Yes.
9. Which parameter remains constant in isochoric process ?
Volume remains constant.
10. In which process internal energy remains constant ?
Isothermal process.
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