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The below table can be read like the table of comparison between the two types of engines and also as the merits and demerits of the two designs. 4-Stroke and a 2-Stroke Engine comparison S.no 4-Stroke Engine 2-Stroke Engine 1 One working stroke for ev…

In jet condensers, the exhaust steam and cooling water come in direct contact with each other, whereas in surface condensers they don’t mix with each other. The temperature of the cooling water and the condensate is the same in jet condensers when leaving the condens…

In surface condensers, there is no mixing of exhaust steam and cooling water. The condensate can be re-used in the boiler: In a surface condenser, even impure water can be used for cooling purposes, whereas in jet condensers, cooling water must be pure. Although the ca…

According to Varignon’s theorem, the algebraic sum of several concurrent forces about any point is equal to the moments of their resultant about the point. To prove Varignon’s Theorem, consider the force R acting in the plane of the body as shown in the above-left-side…

When several forces of different magnitude and direction act upon a certain body, they constitute a system of forces . If all the forces in a system lie in a single plane, it is called a coplanar force system . If the line of action of all the forces in a system pas…

A force exerted on a body can cause a change in either the shape or the motion of the body. The unit of force in SI system is the newton (N) and CGS system is dyne. No solid body is perfectly rigid and when forces are applied to it, changes in dimensions occur. Such ch…

Whenever the tool is not performing the machining operation satisfactorily, there is a cutting tool failure. The following drawbacks are observed if the tool fails. The tool ceases to produce the workpiece according to the required dimensions. The tool gets…