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According to Varignon’s theorem, the algebraic sum of several concurrent forces about any point is equal to the moments of the moments of their resultant about the point. To prove Varignon’s Theorem, consider the force R acting in the plane of the body as shown in the …

When several forces of different magnitude and different direction act upon a certain body, they constitute a system of forces . If all the forces in a system lie in a single plane, it is called a coplanar force system . If the line of action of all the forces in a …

A force exerted on a body can cause a change in either the shape or the motion of the body. The unit of force in SI system is the newton (N) and CGS system is dyne. No solid body is perfectly rigid and when forces are applied to it, changes in dimensions occur. Such ch…

Whenever the tool is not performing the machining operation satisfactorily, there is a cutting tool’s failure. The following drawbacks are observed if the tool failure occurs. The tool ceases to produce the workpiece according to the required dimensions. Th…

Commonly filler metals are used in brazing are listed in below Table 1, along with the principal base metals on which they are typically used. To be suitable as a brazing metal the following characteristics are needed: the melting temperature must be compatibl…

In soldering and brazing processes, the metal parts being joined are heated but not melted and molten filler material is made to flow between the two closely placed adjacent surfaces by the capillary action. A strong joint between the parts is formed on cooling to room…

Electrogas welding (EGW) is an vertical positioned arc welding process, is used for welding the edges of sections vertically and in one pass with the pieces placed edge to edge (butt joint). It is classified as a machine-welding process, because for its operation requi…