In the casting process, the first few castings will be inspected dimensionally, and the pattern is qualified afterward; only a few random inspections will be done. Every casting must be inspected to determine the defects in the casting process . Different methods of …

A thermodynamic system is said to exist in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium when no change in any macroscopic property is registered if the system is isolated from its surroundings. An isolated system always reaches over time a state of thermodynamic equilibrium …

Fluid mechanics is widely used in everyday activities and in the design of modern engineering systems, from vacuum cleaners to supersonic aircraft. To begin with, fluid mechanics plays a vital role in the human body. The heart constantly pumps blood to all parts of th…

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental principle that forms the basis for temperature measurement. If an object with a higher temperature comes in contact with an object of lower temperature, it will transfer heat to the lower-temperature object. The objec…

Watt linkage is also known as the parallel Linkage . James Watt invented Watt's mechanical Linkage. In Watt's Linkage, the central moving point is constrained to travel on an approximation to a straight line. Watt's Linkage can be found in some automobile …

Superalloys , also known as high-performance alloys, are a group of materials designed to operate in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, high-stress environments and chemically challenging atmospheres. They are commonly used in applications requiring strengt…

The casting or foundering process  is the oldest manufacturing process in which liquid molten metal is poured into a perforated casting cavity of refractory material. Allow liquid metal to solidify; after solidification, the casting metal can be removed by breaking th…

Water hand pumps are manually operated pumps. They are used to bring water from the earth underground to the earth's surface and are used in every country for various industrial, marine, irrigation, and household purposes. The image shown below is the typical desig…

The screw thread is a continuous helical groove of specified cross-sections produced on the external or internal surface. A screw thread formed on a cylinder is known as a straight or parallel screw thread, while a screw thread formed on a cone or frustum is known as …

Ball bearing components are 1. inner ring, 2. outer ring, 3. balls and 4. cage. The standard essential components of a ball bearing are defined as follows: 1. Inner Ring: The Inner Ring is the smaller of the two bearing rings. The inner ring has a groove on its oute…

The various advantages of using the steam turbine over a steam engine are as follows: Steam turbines require less shaft workspace than steam engines. The absence of various links, such as a piston, piston rod, crosshead, etc., makes the mechanism simple. The steam t…

The Spark Ignition (SI) engine can be compared with the Compression Ignition (CI) system in 7 aspects. Those 7 aspects are engine speed, cycle efficiency, fuel used, time of knocking, cycle operation, the pressure generated and constant parameters during the cycle. …

Coal is classified into different types based on its carbon content, energy density, and the amount of impurities. Peat coal, lignite coal, Sub-Bituminous coal, Bituminous coal, Semi-Bituminous coal, Semi-Anthracite coal, Anthracite coal and Super Anthracite coal are t…

Ceramics are compounds of metallic and non-metallic elements. ‘Ceramics’ originated from the Greek word ‘keromikos, ‘which means ‘burnt stuff.’ Ceramic bowls and glasses Characteristics of Ceramics: High-temperature stability. High hardness-brittleness. High mec…

Hydraulic turbines are Machines that convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy runs an electric generator directly coupled to the turbine's shaft. The generator generates electric power, sometimes known as hydroelectric power. Generall…

Velox boiler transfers heat from the gas at a much higher rate than the rate achieved with the sub-sonic flow when the gas velocity exceeds the sound velocity. The advantages of this theory are taken to effect the large heat transfer from a smaller surface area in thi…

The equation shown in the image is the Stefan-Boltzmann law. “ P ” is the power radiated by the ideal radiator, and ‘ σ ‘ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, which has the value σ = 5.67*10 -8 Wm -2 K -4 Where ‘P’ is in Watts, emissivity (e) has no units, Area (A) m 2…

Fuels are any material that stores potential energy in forms that liberate heat energy upon burning in oxygen. The calorific value of fuel is the total quantity of heat liberated when a unit mass or volume of fuel is completely burnt. Higher or gross calorific value …

Comparisons between Reciprocating and Rotary Compressors can be made in aspects like pressure ratio, handled volume, speed of the Compressor, vibrational problem, size, air supply, purity of compressed air, compression efficiency, maintenance, mechanical efficiency, l…

A simple open-cycle gas turbine consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, as shown in the figure below. The compressor takes in ambient fresh air and raises its pressure. Heat is added to the air in the combustion chamber by burning the fuel and ra…

Often, materials are subject to an external force when they are used. Mechanical engineers calculate those forces, and material scientists determine how materials deform or break as a function of force, time, temperature, and other conditions. Materials scientists lear…

Kepler's First Law (The Law of Ellipses): Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse. This law is also known as the law of elliptical orbits and obviously gives the shape of the orbits of the planets around the sun. Kepler…

The problems of mechanics can be solved by Newton's laws of motion . The three laws proposed by Sir Isaac Newton are described as follows. Newton's First Law of Motion: Newton's first law of motion states that every object will remain at rest or in un…

Comparison of solids, liquids and gases (fluids) can be made in aspects like macroscopic description, mobility of molecules, density, molecular spacing, the effect of shear stress, everyday stress, viscosity and compressibility below in the tabular form. S.No A…

Airplanes are traveling machines manufactured to transport human beings and luggage from one location to another. Airplanes travel in the air significantly faster compared to roadway vehicles, trains and ships. Airplanes are manufactured in different shapes and sizes …

The decision between selecting an oil or grease for lubrication can be made only after carefully considering several factors. When to lubricate with oil: Oil is generally preferable in systems that consistently operate at high temperatures (over 200°F). Oil is pre…

Even though electrical energy can be transmitted or distributed using overhead lines and underground cables, selecting one over the other is based on the reasons listed in the table below. Overhead Lines and Underground Cables   S.no Parameter Overhead lines …