Water hand pumps are manually operated pumps. They are used to bring water from the earth underground to the earth's surface and are used in every country for various industrial, marine, irrigation, and household purposes. The image shown below is the typical design of the Hand Pump.
Critical Components of Hand Pump:
- Pump Handle
- Pump rod
- water outlet
- Piston
- Piston valve
- Foot valve
- Rising main
- Suction lift
Principle of Hand Pump:
There are several types of water hand pumps. The most commonly used hand pumps are positive displacement pumps with reciprocating plungers or pistons. In a piston pump, the piston is fitted with the piston valve (non-return valve) and slides vertically up and down within a cylinder fitted with a foot valve (non-return valve). Applying force to the handle of the water pump causes vertical movement of pump rods connected to the piston.
When the pump piston moves upwards, the piston valve closes, and a vacuum is created below the piston valve; the Piston valve causes water to be drawn into the cylinder through the foot valve, which opens. Simultaneously, water above the piston, held up by the closed piston valve, is displaced upwards. In a suction hand pump, water flows outward through the delivery outlet; the rising main is forced up in a hand pump with a submerged cylinder. When the piston moves downwards in the hand pump, the foot valve closes to prevent the backflow of water, and the piston valve opens to allow the piston to move down through the water in the cylinder.
Benefits of Hand Pump:
- Affordable and low-maintenance cost.
- A reliable source of water in areas without electricity.
- Promotes physical activity to the human body.
- Durable and long-lasting life with proper care.
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